What Are Geographic Indications and Certification Marks?

China recognizes three types of marks beyond ordinary trademarks that signal quality, origin, or membership:

• Geographic Indication (GI) Marks: Indicate that goods originate from a specific geographic area, where quality, reputation, or other characteristics are essentially attributable to that origin. Examples: 龙井茶 (Longjing Tea), 景德镇瓷器 (Jingdezhen Porcelain).
• Certification Marks: Indicate that goods or services meet certain standards (quality, material, manufacturing method) as certified by an organization. The certifier does not produce the goods.
• Collective Marks: Indicate membership in a group, association, or organization. Used by members to show affiliation.

Who Can Apply?

• GI Marks: Local government agencies, industry associations, or other organizations designated by the local government. Individual producers cannot directly register GIs — they must work through an authorized organization.
• Certification Marks: Organizations with the technical capability to certify goods/services. They must demonstrate independence and competence.
• Collective Marks: Groups, associations, or other organizations. Members must meet established conditions.

Registration Requirements

GI Marks

• Detailed description of the geographic area and its boundaries
• Explanation of the link between product characteristics and geographic origin
• Quality standards and control mechanisms
• Approval from relevant government authorities
• Statement of rules governing use of the GI

Certification Marks

• Detailed certification standards
• Inspection and supervision procedures
• Rules for authorized use
• The certifying organization's qualifications

Enforcement of GIs and Certification Marks

Unauthorized use of a registered GI or certification mark is trademark infringement. Rights holders can pursue administrative and judicial remedies. China has also negotiated GI mutual recognition agreements with the EU (100 European GIs protected in China, and vice versa).

Recent Developments

In 2024-2025, CNIPA has strengthened GI protection through:

• Dedicated GI examination guidelines
• Special enforcement campaigns against GI counterfeiting
• Streamlined registration combining trademark GI marks with AQSIQ GI product protections

Foreign producers of GI products (Champagne, Parmigiano Reggiano, etc.) can leverage these mechanisms to protect their products in the Chinese market.